Whip Scorpions Look Scary but Dont Sting

Whip scorpions look fiercely threatening, by some accounts. In truth, they may be the scariest looking creatures that cant actually do you much harm. They resemble scorpions, with enormous pincers and long, whip-like tails, but they lack venom glands entirely. Whip scorpions are also known as vinegaroons. What Whip Scorpions Look Like Whip scorpions do look similar to scorpions but arent true scorpions at all. They are arachnids, related to both spiders and scorpions, but they belong to their own taxonomic order, the Uropygi. Whip scorpions share the same elongated and flattened body shape as scorpions and possess oversized pincers for catching prey. But unlike a true scorpion, a whip scorpion does not sting, nor does it produce venom. Its long, slender tail is likely just a sensory structure, enabling it to detect vibrations or odors. Although smaller than most true scorpions, whip scorpions can be impressively big, reaching a maximum body length of 8 cm. Add another 7 cm of tail to that, and youve got a big bug (though not an actual bug). Most whip scorpions inhabit the tropics. In the U.S., the largest species is Mastigoproctus giganteus, sometimes known as the mule killer. How Whip Scorpions Are Classified Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum –  ArthropodaClass –  ArachnidaOrder - Uropygi What Whip Scorpions Eat Whip scorpions are nocturnal hunters that feed on insects and other small animals. The first pair of a whip scorpions legs are modified into long feelers, used for locating prey. Once a potential meal is identified, the whip scorpion grabs the prey with its pincers and crushes and tears its victim with powerful chelicerae. The Life Cycle of Whip Scorpions For a creature with such a frightening appearance, the whip scorpion has a remarkably tender love life. The male caresses his potential mate with his front legs before presenting her with his spermatophore. After fertilization occurs, the female retreats to her burrow, guarding her eggs as they develop in a mucous sac. When the young hatch, they climb onto their mothers back, holding fast with special suckers. Once they molt for the first time, they leave their mother and she dies. Special Behaviors of Whip Scorpions While they cant sting, whip scorpions can and will defend themselves when threatened. Special glands at the base of its tail enable the whip scorpion to produce and spray a defensive fluid. Usually, a combination of acetic acid and octanoic acid, the whip scorpions defensive spray gives off a distinctive vinegar-like smell. This unique odor is why the whip scorpion also goes by the nickname vinegaroon.  Be forewarned. If you encounter a vinegaroon, it can hit you with its defensive acid from a distance of a half-meter or more. Other Types of Whip Scorpions The order Uropygi isnt the only group of organisms known as whip scorpions. Among the arachnids are three other orders that share this common name, briefly described here. Micro Whip Scorpions (Order Palpigradi): These tiny arachnids live in caves and under rocks, and we dont yet know much about their natural history. Micro whip scorpions are pale in color, and their tails are covered with setae that function as sensory organs. Scientists believe micro whip scorpions prey on other microarthropods, or perhaps on their eggs. About 80 species are described worldwide, although many more likely exist, still undiscovered.Short-Tailed Whip Scorpions (Order Schizomida): The short-tailed whip scorpions  are small arachnids, measuring less than 1 cm long. Their tails are (predictably) short. In males, the tail is knobbed so the mating female can hold onto it during mating. Short-tailed whip scorpions often have modified hind legs for jumping, and look superficially similar to grasshoppers in that regard. They prey on other small arthropods, hunting at night, despite poor eyesight. Like their larger cousins, short-tailed whip scorpions spray acid in defense but lack venom glands.Tailless Whip Scorpions (Order Amblypygi): Tailless whip scorpions are just that, and the name of their order, Amblypygi, literally means blunt rump. The largest specimens reach 5.5 cm in length and look somewhat similar to the larger vinegaroons. Tailless whip scorpions have strikingly long legs and spiny pedipalps, and they can run sideways at startling speeds. These features make them the stuff of nightmares to the easily spooked among us, but like the other whip scorpion groups, tailless whip scorpions are benign. That is, unless youre a smallish arthropod, in which case you may find yourself impaled and crushed to death by the tailless whip scorpions powerful pedipalps. Sources: Bugs Rule! An Introduction to the World of Insects, by Whitney Cranshaw and Richard RedakBorror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonSpecies. Bugguide.net.

Romanticism In Frankenstein Essay - 740 Words

Mariah McCoy Dr.Bardot His-102 16 June 2017 Historical Relevance Within Frankenstein Imagine a world without Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution,and Romanticism. Mary Shelley uses these topics in her novel to expose the effects that each of these had on society. Frankenstein is a novel that was published in the early 1800’s and tells a story about a man by the name of Victor Frankenstein. Technology and critical thinking skills plays a huge role in the novel and real life.By analyzing the importance of the Enlightenment, Industrial Revolution, and Romanticism she unfolds both personal and factual views of this novel. Mary Shelley’s novel exposes these historical relevance within the novel Frankenstein. Enlightenment†¦show more content†¦Shelley uses industrialization in the novel to show how it compares to now as well. Industrialization uses technology based objects in today’s society, so many people rely on the thought of technology such as phones, laptops, and the internet. The human labor is being now replaced by machinery and technology.Industrial Revolution is shown in the novel through Victor’s creature and Shelley’s personal interpretations; which exposes the new technology through critical thinking. The Industrial Revolution had both positive and negative effects during the Europe time period. The last important historical relevance that Shelley discovered in her novel Frankenstein was Romanticism. Romanticism is a movement from the 18 century that involves the Enlightenment, and scientific thoughts of nature. It also helps expanding the thought of individualism and emotion through the novel. Frankenstein is considered a romantic novel and it focuses on the individualism in society. An example from the novel is that she uses the creature as a romantic hero. Shelley also uses science, imagination, nature, and other elements in the novel to express her interpretations of romanticism. Shelley says† I feel exquisite pleasure in dwelling on recollections of childhood, before misfortune had tainted my mind . . .†(Shelley 38). This quote illustrates how nature and the romantic time era showsShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein Romanticism Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism began to make a great influence on art and literature during the eighteenth to the nineteen th century. Frankenstein was first published in 1818 during that period and the novel is flooded with Mary Shelley’s feelings of extreme good and bad emotions. English literature during the romanticism period is believed to be the most expressive in style, subject, and content. The discrepancy and chaos concerning the essential principles and competing philosophies were believed to be fascinatingRead MoreRomanticism in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay2052 Words   |  9 Pagescontinues to draw readers with Frankensteins many meanings and effect on society. Frankenstein has had a major influence across literature and pop culture and was one of the major contributors to a completely new genre of horror. Frankenstein is most famous for being arguably considered the first fully-realized science fiction novel. In Frankenstein, some of the main concepts behind the literary movement of Romanticism can be found. Mary Shelley was a colleague of many Romantic poets such as her husband Read MoreEssay about Romanticism in Frankenstein1010 Words   |  5 Pageswas greatly influenced by the intellectual movement of Romanticism. Since she was closely associated with many of the great minds of the Romantic Movement such as her husband Percy B. Shelley and Lord Byron, it is natural that her works would reflect the Romantic trends. Many label Shelley ¡Ã‚ ¯s most famous novel Frankenstein as the first Science Fiction novel in history because its plot contains the process of a scientist named Victor Frankenstein creating a living human being from dead body parts,Read MoreRomanticism Technology in Frankenstein Essay example1135 Words   |  5 PagesRomanticism as defined in the American Heritage dictionary is a movement characterized by a heightened sense in nature, emphasis on the individuals expression of emotion and imagination, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions. Technology is defined as the practical application of knowledge especial ly in a. Mary Shelley joins these two realms in Frankenstein, to create one of the most memorable characters in literature, Victor Frankenstein. Historically situatedRead More Romanticism and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Romanticism is a philosophy that has played an important role in the development of western culture. This philosophy also had a great effect on Marry Shellys famous novel, Frankenstein. Though it is easy to find its influence in the story, it is unclear whether or not Marry Shelly supported the movement.. Marry Shelly lived through the height of romantic belief. In 1797, when Shelly was born, there had already been several decades for theRead MoreEssay on Frankenstein: Development through Romanticism1614 Words   |  7 Pages Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is a Gothic and Romantic novel written in the early 1800s. The novel opens with Captain Robert Walton as he is sailing on his ship on the search for new and undiscovered territory. During his exploration, Robert’s ship becomes trapped in ice, and he encounters Victor Frankenstein, who looks miserable. When Robert begins to talk to Victor, Victor starts to explain his life story, which ends up being a complete tragedy. Victor tells Robert of his desire to discover theRead MoreAspects of Romanticism in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthat we either envy and want or despise and fear, such as witches and vampires, superheroes and magic. Everything we feel as people, as individuals plays into what we want and how we act. All of these things are aspects of Romanticism, which we can see in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Nature has a soothing and healing affect. There is poison ivy which will irritate your skin, but growing near it in the surrounding area, is jewelweed, a natural cure for the itch. There is the desert and there is theRead MoreCritical Analysis of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein974 Words   |  4 PagesThe essay discussed in this document is Said I. Abdelwaheds The Gothic, Frankenstein and the Romanics, which was published in 1997 in An-Najaj N. J. Res. The author is the assistant professor of English literature at Gazas Al-Azhar University. These credentials are fairly impressive considering the international reputation of the university the author was working at during the time of publication. Additionally, the authors status as an assistant professor helps to imbue this work with a degreeRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1078 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein has undoubtedly withstood the test of time. Frankenstein’s direct association with fundamenta l Gothic literature is extremely renowned. However, the novel’s originality is derived from the foundational thematic values found within the relationship (or lack there of) between Victor Frankenstein and the monster he had created, in combination with a fascinatingly captivating plot. Understandably, Frankenstein can often be associated with a multitude of concepts; however,Read MoreWhy Did I Choose A Passage From Frankenstein?1504 Words   |  7 PagesWhy did I choose a passage from Frankenstein? It is a work which portrays a lot of themes, symbols, motifs and it is contextualized in a period with a lot of changes in the society. In this essay I will explore the many aspects of Frankenstein that influence in the society for its later staging of horror films. Mary Shelley was a British novelist and she was best known for her novel Frankenstein or, The Modern Prometheus; this science-fiction novel was published in 1818 and it was set in 1789 in

Recruitment And Practices In Manufacturing -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Recruitment And Practices In Manufacturing? Answer: Introduction The current recruitment strategy of maple leaf shoes is inappropriate due to the reason that, the manager responsible for the recruitment is not having experience in the related field. Thus, he is not skilled enough to deal with the requirement and challenges of the recruitment process of human resources. Recruitment manager should have the knowledge about the challenges in recruiting new employees along with calculating the cost for providing training to them (Oladapo, 2014). However, due to having lack of experience in this sector, Clark relied on external stakeholders for the recruitment process. Recruitment process should be effective and accurate due to the reason that, having the right source of potential employees will help in enhancing the talent pool for the organization. Thus, in the case of Maple leaf shoes, recruiting with the recommendations of any third party such as Flemming will reduce the probability of having employees with expected quality. Moreover, Clark is also not having enough experience in this sector and thus it will lead to the recruitment of low quality employees. This will in turn reduce the efficiency of the organization and reduce the organizational productivity (Gamage, 2014). One of the possible alternatives for recruitment will be advertising in online job portals. This will help in reaching to more number of potential candidates. Moreover, the visibility and exposure of these online job portals are also more compared to the traditional mediums (Kurekova, Beblavy Thum-Thysen, 2015). Thus, properly stating the requirements in the online job portals will help in attracting the exact candidates without relying on any third party. Employee referral program can also be initiated. This will help in having accurate employees due to the reason that, the existing employees will have the idea about the organizational requirement and will refer new employees accordingly. Thus, the potential candidates for the selection process will have the required qualities in place. Another advantage that can be gained from the employee referral program is the positive employer branding. This is due to the reason that, word of mouth will get generated when the existing employee s will refer other candidates. It is recommended that, Clarke should involve his superiors in the recruitment process of the human resource manager. This is due to the reason that, the upper level managers will have the good knowledge about the organizational requirement and will help Clarke in stating the exact requirements in the advertisements. It is also being recommended that, from the next time, they should first align their recruitment advertisements with their requirement (Casper, Wavne Manegold, 2013). For instance, Maple leaf is having the vision of operating in the global market, but they are advertising the job vacancies in the local newspapers, which is not appropriate. Thus, proper and accurate alignment is important. Maple leaf should also have trained subordinates under the human resource manager who can look after the whole process in the absence of the former. This will prevent the situation that is being faced by them currently, where no one is having required experience in recruitment process. The current practices of selection in the Maple Leaf shoes is inappropriate due to the reason that, in the case it was told that the three managers assigned for taking the interview of the four candidates are having different views altogether. Thus, it becomes difficult for the managers to select one candidate. They have ranked differently to the four candidates (Healy Malhotra, 2014). However, the ideal selection should be made in such a way that, the interview panel will have singular approach in selecting the candidate. In this case, the selection process will not be ideal due to the fact that there is no building of consensus among the interviewers. Total four candidates are being interviewed. However, the four candidates are having different and diverse backgrounds and experiences, which are having both merit and merits for Maple leaf shoes. In the case given, it is discussed that the interviewers are having different views on each of the candidates. Thus, there are mainly two issues identified. One of the key issues is the different backgrounds of the candidates. They should come from the same and required qualification and background, which will be easy for the interviewers to judge their competitiveness. However, the job advertisement was not given the information about the particular background or experience required. Another key issue being identified is the difference in opinion among the interviewers (Ekwoabe, Ikeije Ufoma, 2015). This will lead to the situation where the selected candidate will not have all the required qualities along with having fewer competencies in some areas. One of the most effective ways of selection will be the choosing test. Interview should be taken as the first round in order to gain the primary impression about the candidates. However, on the next round, choosing test should be initiated. This will determine the qualities and competencies of the candidates in view to the organizational requirement (Greiner, 2015). Moreover, the issue of difference in opinion regarding the candidates in the case can also be mitigated. Choosing test will also help in identifying the competencies and qualities of the introvert candidates, which they cannot show during interview. Another possible alternative will be the creation of the simulated situation for the candidates. All the four candidates should be given the exact simulated situation that they have to deal in the organization. It will help in determining the practical impact of the qualities possessed by the candidates. It is recommended that from the next time, there should be consensus among the interviewers prior to the selection process. They should have the singular approach and view in regards to the organizational requirements. Moreover, it is also being recommended that, rather having only one type of selection process, different techniques should be incorporated in the process. This will help in identifying the different and versatile qualities possessed by the candidates (Abraham et al., 2015). It is expected that effective implementation of these strategies will help in having an ideal and efficient selection process in the organization. Reference Abraham, M., Kaliannan, M., Mohan, A. V., Thomas, S. (2015). A Review of Smes Recruitment and Selection Dilemma: Finding a'Fit'. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(5), 335-342. Casper, W. J., Wayne, J. H., Manegold, J. G. (2013). Who will we recruit? Targeting deep?and surface?level diversity with human resource policy advertising. Human Resource Management, 52(3), 311-332. Ekwoaba, J. O., Ikeije, U. U., Ufoma, N. (2015). The Impact of Recruitment and Selection Criteria on Organizational Performance. Gamage, A. S. (2014). Recruitment and selection practices in manufacturing SMEs in Japan: An analysis of the link with business performance. Ruhuna Journal of Management and Finance, 1(1), 37-52. Greiner, B. (2015). Subject pool recruitment procedures: organizing experiments with ORSEE. Journal of the Economic Science Association, 1(1), 114-125. Healy, A., Malhotra, N. (2014). Partisan bias among interviewers. Public opinion quarterly, 78(2), 485-499. Kurekov, L. M., Beblav, M., Thum-Thysen, A. (2015). Using online vacancies and web surveys to analyse the labour market: a methodological inquiry. IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 4(1), 18. Oladapo, V. (2014). The impact of talent management on retention. Journal of business studies quarterly, 5(3), 19.

MS Case Study free essay sample

Mamp;S Case study Assignment Markamp;Spencer As it is well known, the retailer Mamp;S had been a giant in the UK market, offering several products and services that have had a big participation in the daily life of the population that in some way had been influenced by any branch of this company in any place where they stay selling its goods, whether in the UK or on overseas places. Marks amp; Spencer owns no factories and does not make the goods, which are sold in its stores, which represent a different approach to the retailer business and gives some advantages that Mamp;S enjoy. The key element in furthering its competitive advantage has been the development of strong supplier relationships which although have had suffer several changes in the past few years because of strategies in the market and distinct factors, they maintain as an essential part of the business. We will write a custom essay sample on MS Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Marks and Spencer’s mission statement is broken into 3 parts which include: Vision To be the standard against which others are measured Mission To make aspirational quality accessible to all and Values Quality value, service, innovation and trust. Representation on Mamp;S general operations * Given that Mamp;S had an image problem in the past, what change did it make and is making to its clothing business to enhance its competitiveness? The serious problems of image that Mamp;S had in the pass were consequence of several decisions and assessments made by its board and especially very often by the chairman and the chief executive. There is one factor that shaped for long time all the decisions made in the company; â€Å"the culture of Marksamp;Spencer†, this way of thinking was the method to use for manage the firm for many years from its beginning until the changes in the market and in the customers did not fit with that culture anymore. In lights of these events and in the increasing problems, severe changes has to be made, changes that were enough to return the plot to the company in their market that was falling as consequence of this. The quality of the clothes was not the same and the customers get realised of that as they begun to claim about it. Moreover, the bad winter season in 1999 coinciding with the retail sales downturn put a starting point in the definitive necessity of changes in Mamp;S. 1999 was a year to forget in the UK clothing sector. Can be said that the beginning of the first change made was the incorporation as chief executive of Peter Salsbury to succeed eventually to Sir Richard Greenbury. The first approach to changes was a series of radical culling in the board of the company, which meant a change from the top-down in the structure of the organization and the incorporation of the technology in the communicational way among the board members which it have to be stress, they were not familiarised with new technologies, these initial changes made by Salsbury were aimed to vanish the old fashion way of manage the company and dismantling symbols of the old regime; many people were removed from the administration work to go to dealing with costumers’ needs. A general reorganization that split the company into UK retail, overseas and financial services was made as well. As another remarkable change, was the approach to the renewed focus on the client itself and the fulfilment of its necessities, part of the image problems was because of the treatment to the customer from the staff of Mamp;S, as part of the change process, a new department of marketing was created in order to enhance the advertisement and to gain customers over from the dynamical market they deal with, new thinking and new minds were ired, and the marketing department would take over many decisions of the buying departments to support in the decision of what the customers wanted. Within this period the board of the firm had realised that some of the overseas business and UK suppliers had become a millstone for Mamp;S rather than a support, and were put up for sale and dismissed respectively. The period of changes that Mamp;S was going trough with the severe culling and reorganization processes, brought a new image problems to the company, as consequence the entire personnel was demoralized and downright, the spirit of the company to its staff and the trust of its suppliers was totally destroyed. Being clear that these methods and managing was not working anymore as a part of a past of revolution in the company, new changes have to come. Although, Peter Salsbury had accomplished the evolution and change of the culture of Mamp;S. After this Luc Vandevelde as a chairman contributed with several changes in the clothes line of Mamp;S, as was the entry of George Davis to the firm to develop and deliver to the public a new brand called â€Å"Per Una†, in aims to revitalize the women’s clothing sales as a strategy from the board. New changes are being made in order to enhance the competitiveness in the clothing business, changing the look to the stores with lighter colours, new tills, better lighting. Mamp;S has turn itself in a company that owns a staff full of youth and freshness, consequently, the company has give back the quality to its goods, quality that was a flag in the â€Å"golden years of Mamp;S†, with several new clothing brands fitted to both gender and to every stage in the life of people, this wide range of goods cleverly design on age and occasions are the product of selected designers and their teems pushing to deliver nothing but the very best to all the Mamp;S’s customers, this fact is a sample of a great change that the company has made managing to recover the trust of the customers and the treatment of excellence to the clients that the current business and the market require. As part of the new times and challenges, the board of the company nowadays effectively had set clear points in the taking-decision process as is to debate and agree the best strategy for the Company and hold the executive team accountable for its execution, this permit a very dynamic way to involve anyone to the final decision in order to guarantee a wise decision that push to the continue enhancement and development of the current business plan and finally, to set the tone of doing the right thing, supported by the right governance structures and their effective implementation. * Specifically and in detail, what changes were made to the Mamp;S supply chain strategy in the light of these changes? Evidently as the culture of Mamp;S was created and leaded by several men with the same way of thinking, the most remarkable characteristics of this culture was the relationship with the suppliers of Mamp;S, that was based on an close and unique relationship that have been prevailed by several decades in some cases. This supply chain based on trust from the firm to its suppliers gave shape to the UK retail market for many years. The board planned the new strategy implemented to the supply chain by the end of the year 2000; this strategy consisted on the change of suppliers from the UK to other overseas instead. Amid the changes on reorganization of Mamp;S in general, the board had realised that the hearty link with the traditional suppliers in the UK was no longer affordable enough and represent a millstone for the company. The first place to be pointed as an overseas supply branch was in Portugal owing to the mix positive factors of cheaper manufacturing costs and the short distance to the UK that would not affect the supplement of goods in the stores for time reasons as start happening with others overseas supplier that because they were so far from UK the time of delivery influenced in the schedules and logistics of Mamp;S. Nevertheless, some UK suppliers that closed their factories repositioned themselves in North Africa, Indonesia, Thailand and China; Looking for cheap workhand and opening in this way an overseas market of suppliers for the company and at the same time a beneficial reduction of cost for Mamp;S despite the exportation activities involve in this operations, demonstrating this way that the strategy implemented in lights of the changes has just paid off. Another important change was specially related to the clothing range â€Å"Per Una† leaded by the designer George Davis which consist in the direct delivery of the clothe and accessories from nothing more but his organisation to Mamp;S, as part of a agreement maid at the beginning of his business relationship whit the company, this represent a self-sufficient branch in the supply chain of the firm. Some other changes were made on Mamp;S regarding to its branches in Europe, specifically to the supply chain that maintain the European branch of the company in countries as Spain, Holland, France and Germany. They have to concentrate the efforts in the UK market so they decided to finish the overseas branches, representing a culling on the supply chain to those countries and leaving the supply chain operations directly to UK. * What are the different supply chain performance objectives for the different product groups? Classic| Autograph| Per Una| Indigo| Blue Harbour| Product Rang e| Short Mature Customers| Long Wide Range Customers| Short Fashion Woman 25-35 years old| Short women with busy lives| Long Men’s casual clothes for weekends| Design Changes| No frequent| Trend| Frequent| Seasonal| Seasonal| Price| Expensive value-for-money prices| Competitive High Street Pricing| Good Value| Average | Expensive value-for-money prices| Quality| High| Aspirational Quality| High| Aspirational Quality| High| Sales Volume| High| Low Limited| Low Limited| High seasonal| High seasonal| Order Winners| Smart, Elegant amp; quality clothes| Fashion ability| Exclusivity| Fashionable for everyday use| Casually smart clothes| Order Qualifiers| Quality and value on the clothes| Clothing wide range and high street prices| Affordable price| Everyday-workday casualwear| Smart casual menswear for weekends occasion| Operation Priorities| Reliability aimed to mature costumers | Cost Sharpen pricing great value| Flexibility Very fast response| Speed high fluency on the selling of this clothes| Qua lity unique menswear brand| References â€Å"The rise amp; fall of Marks amp; Spencer †¦ And how it rose again† by Judi Bevan, edition revised and updated in 2007. Bookmarque, Croydon, Surrey. ISBN-10: 1 86197 898 7. * â€Å"Logistics and supply chain management† by Martin Christopher, Fourth Edition, FT Prentice Hall – Financial times. * â€Å"Operation Management† by Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers and Robert Johnston, Sixth Edition, FT Prentice Hall – Financial times. * Marks amp; Spencer Annual Report and Financial Statements 2000 * Marks amp; Spencer Annual Report and Financial Statements 2006 * â€Å"Issues of Marks amp; Spencer† by OxbridgeWriters. com * â€Å"Marks amp; Spencer† by Nardine Collier and Gerry Johnson, Case Teaching Notes, Pearson Education Limited 2005.